2.
   2023
/  
 
(    )
: 3     :100
:     -    ,         
             
-
1.           ?      
   
2.           ?     
-
3.            
4.   ?           
  
 ?
-
2.
5.       
6.         
-
7.        '  
8.     ?           ?
2.
   2023
/  
 
(    )
: 3     :100
:     -    ,         
             
-
1.           ?      
   
:   
                   
     , -         
      -      ;      
;           
  ,
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  =      , , ,    

          :
        
   -       
          
 
-           
   -   '    
2.
 ,            , ,
 ,         
     
      ,      ' 
               
1.      
              
   
,  ,  ,       -       
    
 :
         
           
         
 ,        
2.    
   
           
    ,      
  :
,     -   
  -     
 
         
3.        
              
  ,
-        
2.
       ,  :
  -
  
  
         ,       
4.        
    
    , , ,  
    
 :
         '  
       
        
 ,      
5.     -   
       ,  ,    
         
         :
      
 
  
    
    
6.         
 
       
     
 :
2.
   
  
 
 
     :
  
 
 
 -  
 ,     - 
7.        
        :
     
     
    -  
 ,       
       
         - 
 
""   ,  
      -    
              
    
            -   
       
;   ,     -
--  
  :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  =   ,    
2.
      ?
   :


    ' 
-,     :
 
 
  
     
     ,   :
,     
  
 
 
      
1.  -  
  
            
2.   
  ',           
3.       
          ,      
4.   
  
 ;        
  ' 

    
2.
    :
   
:  
:  
 : -  / - 
  
    
  
      
  
     
    ' 
        

       
   , -,  
         , ,   ,   ,
   
,         
   -  ,          
     ,    
-     
  
2.           ?     
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
1947                 
- , ,       ,    GDP
  
     :   -,    
    ,    ,    , 
             
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  : -   ,     -    ,
-             

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼1.      
  :,       
            
   :1990           
     ,     ,   
   
   :          
  ,    -     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       -     
 ,             , 

          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼2.       
      :    ,  
 '     
  :          
   
  :  ,     

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
     ,  
   -  
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼3.     
    :      ,   ,
      
    :      , 
     
  :-,     
 ,    '  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:               
   
    -     
     
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼4.       
   :     -  ,  
  
    :       
  
:       ,    

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:                ,
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼5.      
  :       
  : ,       
         
  ' :    ,     
,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       ( ) 
   
           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼6.       
    :,        
  
    :        
 '    
  :      ,  
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:      
         
 '   ,        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼7.   
 
  :  ,        

  :,       '       
  
 : ,          

2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           
   
             
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼8.    
 
    :    ,    
 
    :        , 
  
 
   :         

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:     -  -   

          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼9.     
  :        
    :-    ,   
'        
 :        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "  " (  )     
,       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼10.    
    :
- :       ,     
   :        

 :     -   

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         ,      
     ,      
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
             -     
      -   ,      
 ,         ,      
2.
          - -,   

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
             
,   ,    ,     , 
    
       , 
   
-
3.            
:󽇐 :       
    
  -   ,   , 
,  ,  , - ,  ,      
      
   ,           
  
󹼧1.     
  ,              
-  , , , , , ,     ' 
           
   :
     
  
        
   
    -    ,     , 

- ,              
,      '  ,     - 

2.
󹼧2. : " "  
                
     35          

 :
 
 
   
    
   
   '  
       
  '  ,     ,     
         :
 
  
- 
 
   
 ,            
󹼧3.    
     ,         
         ,    
  
  
 :
    
-   
 
     
  , -      ,       ,
     ,  -     ' 
           -  , 
  
     
2.
 ,           
 
󹼧4.         
  ,           
   
:
-   
     
  
- 
       ,        ' 
            "  "  "
 "        
 
󽇐 ' :       
       ,        
       ,        
󹼧1.        
,         
      
:
   
  ' 
    
- ,           
, ,  , -        

󹼧2.    
 
2.
           ,   
  
- :
   
     
   
   
       
,  , , , , ,     
       ,  -  -   
󹼧3.      
   ,          
    
     ,      
 
:
   
      
  
 
-    
   
 
   -    '   ,   
 ' 
     
󹼧4.     
     :
 
 
   
2.
      ,          , 
-           
  
  ,            
   -              
    
󹼧5.       
-      :
   
    
    
   
             
        
󽇐
     
;        
    ,  , ,     

     ,  ,       
,     ,      , ,  
       
4.   ?           
  
 ?
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
         
 -         
              
     ,           
       ,      
2.
             
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ?
:   
      
 '             
 :
o       
o     
o     ' 
o     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :             
     ,  ,       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   :   
  :           ,
     
  :     
  ,
 ,        '   
1991    :       ,  
,         
:  ,         ,
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼        
     |
1.   
     -    
  (    )       
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
             
2.      
       
     - ,    -    
     ,       
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              
,      
3.      
  , ,       

            
 -   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
    
        
 
4.     
     ,    ,  
    
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           
     
5.      
             

        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:             
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼        
 
1.     
           
 ,          
  - 
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         ,     
  
2.    
2.
            
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           
   ,   
 
3.  
     
  ,    
 
       -  ,   
    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:     ,   -    

 
4.   
        ,      

         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:                
  ,  
       
5.    
         
 ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
  
           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  :  + 
,     :
 '  
     
    '   
   
      
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :        ,   , 
   
2.
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
     
 ,       :
 :  -  -
   :    
:   
;       
 :     -   

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:          ,    
     ,      
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
      
 -    
         ,  '   
 ,      ,        
   ,       ,     
,      
-
5.       
:󷇮󷇭  ?
       
       
    , -, , ,    
 
 
 ""   '  
 ,   , ,    
    
    ,       
   
     :
  
    
    
    
           
2.
  :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       -    , -
    
󹾱󹾴󹾲󹾳    ?
   '         , ,  
          ,      
:
 
  
   
 

    
 ,     :
    
     
        
,   ,        
   ,           ,  ,
,             
󼩏󼩐󼩑     
         '     ',   
,  ,    -     
  :
     
  
     
  '  
    
,              
            
2.
󸡈󷽮󷽯󷽰󷽱󸾶󸾷󸾸󸾹󸾺󸡉󸡊󸡋󸡌󸡍󸡎󸾻󸡏󸡐󸡑󸾼󸾽󸾾󸩦󸩧󷽿󷾀   
  ,             
           :
   
, ,  ,     
  
      
            ,
  '  ,        
    
󷩡󷩟󷩠       
        :

  
  
 
  
   , - ,      
-      ,        
    -    ,      ' 
 
     ,      
󷻰󷻱󷻲󷻳󷻴󷻵󷻶󷻷󷻸󷻹󷻺󸟴󸟵󸟶󸟷󸟸󸟹󸟺󸟻󸟼󸟽󸟾󸟿󷺪󷺫󷺬󷺭󷹸󷹹󷹺󷹻󷹼󷹽󷹾         
       :
  -      
    ( , - )   
        
   '     
2.
 , ,         , 
  
       -         

󹴄󹴅󹴆󹴇      
      '     
:

   
  
 
 
  :
, -   ,   -, -  
  -   -  
       ,       
 
󷘧󷘨,        
     
    :
   
 
       
,  ,   
 ,  ,   
     -     ,  
               
          
󷄧󼿒   
2.
         :
1.      
2. ,       
3.     
4.     
5. ,           
6.  , ,   
         
󽆶󽆷    
   ,      :
   -  
 ,     
       
    
-      
        -     
  
󼩺󼩻      
          :
=      
=   ' , ,   (  
)
  =  , ,   '      
    ,     

󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸 
     
        
  ,           
2.
    , , ,      
 
,        -   ,   -
         
 :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             , 
   ,         
6.        
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
    
 -       ,  ,  ,
             
         ,     
,           ,  ,
   -     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            -  
'       , ,       , 
    '           - 
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   ?
:          
 ,  -        
 
 :
o       
o ,         
o ,    -  
o         ' 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :        
 -      
     

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼         
2.
1.     
       ,      
  
  ,           

   '   ,   ' 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           ,  ,
, ,        
   
        ,       
   
2.    
          
  
     - , ,   - ' 
    
 
    
   ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            ' 
  ,             
3.    
    (, ,  )   
         
 
     
 ,  '    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:      (1950)  ,       
,  -        
4.    
          
,            
     ,   '    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: -  -       ,  
           
 
5.     
2.
           

 ,        
 ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:              ,
  -   
6.     
         ' 
  
   ,      
 -          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            ,
      
7.   
           

,          
   
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: , ,         ,   
   ,     
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
     
 ,        :
     :         
      
 :        
   
      :      
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:       (    )    -
        
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
2.
         , ,  
      ,  ,     
    ,       ,  
,            

-
7.        '  
:   ?
                   
   '             -  
, , , ,              
  ,     
     :
 - ,  , , ,    ' 

     -  ,  , 
,   ,      
  -  ,  ,  
 -         
  -  ,     ,    
,     
 ,        
     -
 ,  ,  -       ,
        
  
 ?
   
   ,         
      
1.  
             
              
       "" 
2.
2.      
  ,   ,       ,
 ,            ,   
         
3.     
            

       
       - 

4.  
 ,    " "   "", ""
             
5.       
 ,   -  
 ,    
    
6.     
   ,     ,  ,    
              
  ,       
   
       
;          
     
1.     
 , , ,          
 ',  , , ,        
 
2.  ' 
               '  
            "" ,      
 
3.     
 ,              
 
4.  
        
 ,  

    ' 
        
5.    
     ,         '  

 
     
2.
               
      , 2005 (PWDVA)   
    , ,      
  
  ,   ,       
       
     498A-        
 
  -        
   ,               
       
   
      ,        -
   ,  ,   ,     
            ,   
  -    
     
?
     ,        
?
    "  "
   '  
    
         
    
              

      ?
        
   ,    
 
1.   
              
    ,      
 
2.   
  ,      '      
         
2.
3.     
     ,     
 
4.     
 ""      ,    
   ,        
 
5.    
             
    

      "" 
;       
  , -          

 , ,   ,       , 
            
  
;        -    -   
   
        ,          , 
      ,       ,    
     
;          
  
8.     ?           ?
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-
                 
                
    -           
         ,      
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :             
,           
 -   
   -    
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    ?
2.
:   (English: Feticide)        
           
  : , -  -  
() , 1994       '  


  :   ,      
    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:           ,  1,000  
     ,         
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1. - 
         
             
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,        ,     
'   
2.  
         
          
               
3.  
       
  ,         
 ,     
4.    
             
 -          
 
5.   
   ,   
,     
  
2.
      ,         
      
6.     
          
            
 
7.     
        ,      

   -       
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
1.   :     ,     
     
2.   :    ,     

3.      :        
 ,       
4.    :          

 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         '    
 ,           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
1.      
      
-          
  
  
2.  
      
" ,  " ( ,  )    
   ,       
3.  
2.
       
        
        
4.  
         
  ,        
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            , 
      
5.  
      
    
   
         
6.   
        
        - 
-          
7.   
           
   
   
          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
        
 -      
      
        
     -           
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,    ,  , 
,          
  
         ,      
2.
"               
 
       ,       
 "